
ALOHA, CSMA and CSMA/CD
Random-access medium access control for GATE CS: pure and slotted ALOHA throughput S = G e^(-2G) and S = G e^(-G) with their peaks and the loads at which they occur, the finite-station form, CSMA persistence variants, CSMA/CD collision timing and the minimum frame size L = 2 Tp R with a solved 2024 question, binary exponential backoff with exact collision probabilities, CSMA/CD efficiency approximations, and CSMA/CA in one line. Every number checked by script.

